Concepts and measures of patient empowerment: a comprehensive review Del concepto de empoderamiento del paciente a los instrumentos de medida: una revisión integrativa Do conceito de empoderamento do paciente aos instrumentos de medição: uma revisão integrativa

Corresponding author: Paloma Garcimartín Cerezo Unidad de Hemodinámica. Servicio de Cardiología Hospital del Mar – Paseo Marítimo 25-29 08003 – Barcelona, Spain pgarcimartin@ parcdesalutmar.cat ABSTRACT Objective: Analyze the definitions and dimensions of empowerment. Identify the strengths and weaknesses of empowerment measures based on the conceptual model. Method: This was a comprehensive literature review of publications on the MEDLINE and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases. Results: Twenty-nine articles were selected. Seventeen definitions and seven dimensions of empowerment, and 10 empowerment measures were selected. Empowerment can be seen as an enabling process involving a shift in the balance of power, or as an outcome of this process. The dimensions reflect outcome indicators, such as participation in decisionmaking and control, and process indicators, such as knowledge acquisition and coping skills. Six of the tools analyzed by this study could be said to provide a robust measure of patient empowerment. Conclusion: we propose a definition of empowerment that helps to deepen understanding of the term and, therefore, its operationalization.